Measuring Students’ Success in Mathematics Learning Through Meta-Analysis of Numbered Heads Together Effectiveness

Samritin; Siti Rahmalia Natsir; Nur Elyana Eka

doi:10.59890/ijels.v3i11.213

Authors

Samritin Universitas Muhammadiah Buton
Siti Rahmalia Natsir Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton
Nur Elyana Eka Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v3i11.213

Keywords:

Mathematics, Learning Success, NHT, Effectiveness.

Abstract

This study aims to measure students’ success in mathematics learning based on the achievement of the Minimum Mastery Criteria (MMC) as a result of the implementation of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) model. This study applied a meta-analysis method, involving 21 primary studies from elementary school to upper school. The research data was collected using the Google Scholar database with the help of the Publish or Perish application. The data was analyzed with the help of the Jamovi application. The effect size interpretation refers to Cohen's classification with a p-value < 0.05. Data heterogeneity testing using Q and I² statistics. Based on the analysts' results, it was found that the mathematics learning outcomes did not have significant variance as indicated by the probability of Q₁ and Q₂, respectively, p = 1,000 and I² = 0.000. The results of the analysis using a fixed model were obtained, SES₁ = 0.557 with p < 0.005 and SES₂ = 0.834 with p < 0.05, which shows the significance of the effectiveness of NHT on the mathematics learning success. Based on the results of the analysis, this study concludes that the application of the NHT model has a significant and consistent influence on the success of mathematics learning at all levels of education.

References

Abo-Romi, S. Y. (2020). Thinking and Scientific Language in the Primary Classes. Creative Education, 11(05), 820–833. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2020.115059

Adawiya, R. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas VII Siswa MTS Amalul Ikhlas T.A. 2019/2020 [Application of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes in Grade VII of MTS Amalul Ikhlas T.A. Students 2019/2020.]. Literasi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(1), 78.https://doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2022.13(1).78-90

Amin, M. K., Isnani, I., & Paridjo, P. (2020). Meta Analisis Pengaruh Cooperative Learning Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika [Meta-Analysis of the Influence of Cooperative Learning on Mathematics Learning Achievement]. Prisma, 9(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.35194/jp.v9i2.1072

Aragón, E., Menacho, I., Navarro, J. I., & Aguilar, M. (2024). Teaching strategies, cognitive factors and mathematics. Heliyon, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29831

Ardhika, R., & Risnawati, R. (2023). Meningkatan Prestasi Belajar Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together Pada Matematika MI/SD [Improving Learning Achievement Using the Numbered Heads Together Type Cooperative Model in MI/Elementary Mathematics]. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(3), 1415–1422. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v5i3.4217

Arisandy, C., & Sapri, J. (2019). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together untuk Mneingkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar [Application of the Numbered Heads Together Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Learning Activities and Outcomes]. Diadik: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Pendidikan, 9(2), 142–150.

Asminingrum, T. (2022). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dan Keaktifan Siswa Pada Materi Pola Bilangan Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (Nht) Siswa Kelas Viii a Smp Negeri 1 Banjar Agung [Improving Learning Outcomes and Student Activity in Number Pattern Material through a Numbered Heads Together (Nht) Type Cooperative Learning Model for Students of Grade VIII A Junior High School 1 Banjar Agung]. Paedagogy : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Psikologi, 2(2), 166–180. https://doi.org/10.51878/paedagogy.v2i2.1376

Asmoro, M., Setiawan, D., & Waluyo, E. (2023). Model NHT Berbantu DAVI dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SD [NHT Model Assists DAVI in Improving Elementary School Students' Learning Outcomes]. Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, 1(2), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.61650/jptk.v1i2.151

Boaler, J., Dieckmann, J. A., LaMar, T., Leshin, M., Selbach-Allen, M., & Pérez-Núñez, G. (2021). The Transformative Impact of a Mathematical Mindset Experience Taught at Scale. Frontiers in Education, 6(December), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.784393

Boke, H., Aygun, Y., Tufekci, S., Yagin, F. H., Canpolat, B., Norman, G., Prieto-González, P., & Ardigò, L. P. (2025). Effects of cooperative learning on students’ learning outcomes in physical education: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(May), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1508808

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to Meta-Analysis. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-209005-9.50005-9

Cirik, İ., & Akpolat, T. (2024). The Role of Abductive Thinking in K12 Skill Development Process: Example of Mathematics Lesson. Milli Egitim, 53(241), 519–542. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1308508

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Second). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Dennick, R. (2016). Constructivism: reflections on twenty five years teaching the constructivist approach in medical education. International Journal of Medical Education, 7, 200–205. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5763.de11

Erbil, D. G. (2020). A Review of Flipped Classroom and Cooperative Learning Method Within the Context of Vygotsky Theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(June), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01157

Erwahyuni. (2023). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Pada Materi Himpunan [Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes with a Numbered Head Together (NHT) type cooperative learning model in set materials.]. STRATEGY : Jurnal Inovasi Strategi Dan Model Pembelajaran, 3(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.51878/strategi.v3i1.2012

Fahmawati, N., Hartatik, S., Kasiyun, S., & Nafiah. (2021). Meta analisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Numbered Head Together terhadap hasil belajar matematika SD [A meta-analysis of the influence of the Numbered Head Together learning model on elementary mathematics learning outcomes.]. AKSIOMA : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.26877/aks.v12i1.7126

Faizah. (2019). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Pendekatan Struktural Numbered Heads Together untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bengkalis Tahun Pelajaran 2028/2029 [Application of the Cooperative Learning Model of the Numbered Heads Together Structural Approach to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Grade XII Science 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bengkalis Academic Year 2028/2029]. Akademika, 15(2), 65–86.

Fatma, M., Wahyuni, M., & Witarsa, R. (2023). Peningkatan Kedisiplinan Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together [Improvement of Mathematics Discipline and Learning Outcomes with the Numbered Head Together type cooperative learning model]. UNION: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 3373–3381. https://doi.org/10.30738/.v3i3.389

Firdaus, Asriadi, & Muallim. (2024). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar [The Effectiveness of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) Type Cooperative Learning Model on Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Elementary School Students]. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume, 4(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i3.3050

Gillies, R. M. (2016). Cooperative learning: Review of research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n3.3

Gracia, A. P., & Anugraheni, I. (2021). Meta Analisis Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 436–446.

https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i2.338

Gull, F., & Shehzad, S. (2015). Effects of Cooperative Learning on Students’ Academic Achievement. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 9(3), 246–255. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v9i3.2071

Guskey, T. R. (2015). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 14, 752–759.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008097086826039X

Hamdani, I. M. (2021). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Head Together [Improving Student Learning Outcomes Using the Numbered Head Together Type Cooperative Learning Model]. JGM: Jurnal Guru Membangun, 40(1), 1–11.

https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/x.xxxxxxx

Hattie, J., & Clarke, S. (2019). Visible learning: Feedback and mastery in mathematics education. Learning and Instruction, 60, 1–12.

Haydon, T., Schmidt, C., Buncher, A., & Carnahan, C. (2019). Comparing Numbered Heads Together with and without Peer-Led Opportunities to Respond. Education and Treatment of Children, 42(2), 245–264.

Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

Ikhwandari, L. A., Hardjono, N., & Airlanda, G. S. (2019). Peningkatan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Dengan Model Numbered Heads Together (Nht) [Increasing Students' Motivation and Mathematics Learning Outcomes with the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Model]. Jurnal Basicedu, 3(4), 2101–2112. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v3i4.283

Indrawati, S. R. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI MIPA 5 Semester 1 Materi Trigonometri di SMA Negeri 1 Godong [Application of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve the Activities and Learning Outcomes of Students of Class XI MIPA 5 Semester 1 Trigonometry Material at SMA Negeri 1 Godong]. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Di Sekolah, 4(1), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.51874/jips.v4i1.91

Ismaniati, C., Muhtadi, A., Cobena, D. Y., & Soeparno, P. L. (2023). Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom on Students’ Learning Outcome in Vocational High School: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Instruction, 16(1), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2023.16133a

Johnson, A., & Smith, B. (2023). The role of creativity in mathematics education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(2), 210–225.

Jonsson, B., Mossegård, J., Lithner, J., & Karlsson Wirebring, L. (2022). Creative Mathematical Reasoning: Does Need for Cognition Matter? Frontiers in Psychology, 12(January), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.797807

Kaldırım, A., & Tavşanlı, Ö. F. (2018). The effect of collaborative learning approach on students’ academic achievement in Turkish courses in Turkey: A meta-analysis study. Egitim ve Bilim, 43(194), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2018.7553

Mangundap, J. M., Moningka, L. N., & Walewangko, S. A. (2023). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V Sd [Application of the Numbered Heads Together Learning Model to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes for Grade V Elementary School Students]. MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin, 1(3), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v1i3.80

Murtalib, Gunawan, Mutmainah, Nurwadani, P. A., & Almahira, A. (2020). Penerapan Model Pembelajran Kooperatif Tipe NHT (Numbered Head Together) untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Materi Pokok Segiempat Kelas VII-4 Semester II SMP Negeri 1 Madapangga Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020

[Application of NHT (Numbered Head Together) Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Student Learning Activities and Achievement of Quadrilateral Subject Matter Grades VII-4 Semester II SMP Negeri 1 Madapangga Academic Year 2019/2020]. Diksi: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Sosial, 1(1), 12–30. https://doi.org/10.53299/diksi.v1i1.88

Nguyen, N. T., & Oanh, D. T. K. (2025). Cooperative learning and its influences on student engagement. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2513414

Nurlaila. (2022). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI MIPA 3 SMAN 1 Mataram [Application of the Numbered Head Together Learning Model to Improve the Learning Outcomes of Class XI MIPA 3 SMAN 1 Mataram Students]. Action: Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Dan Sekolah, 2(4), 461–466.

Öz, T., & Çiftci, Z. (2024). Mathematical Reasoning Activity: Compare, Generalize and Justify. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 18(2), 291–323. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1506921

Rahmandani, W., Zulkarnain, D., Iskandar, & Sari, A. (2022). Meta-Analisis Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Peserta Didik [Meta-Analysis of the Influence of Cooperative Learning Model on Students' Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts]. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.20527/edumat.v10i2.14141

Ranak, L. (2016). Creative Thinking Ability to Increase Student Mathematical of Junior High School by Applying Models Numbered Heads Together. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(6), 206–212.

Retnawati, H., Apino, E., Kartianom, Djidu, H., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Pengantar Analisis Meta [Introduction to Meta Analytics]. Yogyakarta: Parama Publishing.

Ridwan, M. R., Hadi, S., & Jailani, J. (2022). A meta-analysis study on the effectiveness of a cooperative learning model on vocational high school students’ mathematics learning outcomes. Participatory Educational Research, 9(4), 396–421. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.97.9.4

Rosenthal, R. (1979). File drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638–641.

S. Kaymak, Zh.Kassymbek, A. Kalamkas, & F. Saydenov. (2021). The Effect of Cooperative Learning on Students Academic Achievement. Management Studies, 9(6), 495–503. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2021.06.009

Safitri, F. D., Ferryka, P. Z., & Rahmawati, I. (2024). Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 2 Kalikebo Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024 [Efforts to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Learning Model in Grade V Students of SD Negeri 2 Kalikebo for the 2023/2024 Academic Year]. Katalis Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Matematika, 1(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.62383/katalis.v1i3.600

Savelsbergh, E. R., Prins, G. T., Rietbergen, C., Fechner, S., Vaessen, B. E., Draijer, J. M., & Bakker, A. (2016). Effects of innovative science and mathematics teaching on student attitudes and achievement: A meta-analytic study. Educational Research Review, 19(July), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.07.003

Schwartz, N. H., Click, K., & Bartel, A. N. (2022). Educational Psychology: Learning and Instruction. In International Handbook of Psychology Learning and Teaching, Springer International Handbooks of Education (Issue May, pp. 1–33). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28745-0_67

Shimizu, I., Kikukawa, M., Tada, T., Kimura, T., Duvivier, R., & Van Der Vleuten, C. (2020). Measuring social interdependence in collaborative learning: Instrument development and validation. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02088-3

Simarmata, E. C. C., Sembiring, R. K., & Imelda. (2023). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Number Head Together untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kolaborasi Matematis Siswa Kelas VII SMP Santa Lusia Sei Rotan [Implementation of Number Head Together Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Mathematical Collaboration Skills of Grade VII Students of Santa Lusia Sei Rotan Junior High School]. Jurnal Sains Student Research, 1(1), 561–570.

Sinaga, R. S., & Sitepu, D. R. (2021). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (Nht) Terhadap Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswakelas Viii Smp Negeri 2 Stabat [Implementation of Number Head Together Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Mathematical Collaboration Skills of Grade VII Students of Santa Lusia Sei Rotan Junior High School] . Serunai : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(2), 152–160. https://doi.org/10.37755/sjip.v7i2.511

Slamet, E., Rahmawati, P., Purwandari, S., & Rahmaningrum, K. K. (2020). Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Numberd Heads Together (NHT) Berbantuan Media Gerbong Pembagian Siswa Sekolah Dasar [Implementation of Number Head Together Type Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Mathematical Collaboration Skills of Grade VII Students of Santa Lusia Sei Rotan Junior High School]. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 13(4), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v13i4.1256

Smit, R., Dober, H., Hess, K., Bachmann, P., & Birri, T. (2023). Supporting primary students’ mathematical reasoning practice: the effects of formative feedback and the mediating role of self-efficacy. Research in Mathematics Education, 25(3), 277–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794802.2022.2062780

Vale, C., Bragg, L., Widjaja, W., Herbert, S., & Loong, E. Y.-K. (2017). Children’s mathematical reasoning: Opportunities for developing understanding and creative thinking. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 22(1), 3–8.

Van Ryzin, M. J., & Roseth, C. J. (2022). The Longitudinal Relationship Between Peer Relations and Empathy and Their Joint Contribution to Reducing Bullying in Middle School: Findings From a Randomized Trial of Cooperative Learning. Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion, 3(2), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/26320770221094032

Wahyuningsih, L., Afiani, K. D. A., & Putra, D. A. (2024). Implementasi Outdoor Learning Model Numbered Head Together dalam Meningkatkan Materi Keliling dan Luas Lingkaran. Satya Widya, 40(1), 88–99. https://doi.org/10.24246/j.sw.2024.v40.i1.p88-99

Widianti, Nurdin, Hafsyah, S., P., & S., R. (2024). Meta Analisis: Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa yang Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT dan TPS [Meta-Analysis: Comparison of Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students Using NHT and TPS Type Cooperative Learning Models]. Journal of Education Research, 5(4), 4371–4381. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i4.1576

Widiasari, S. (2024). Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 005 Rokan IV Koto Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together [Improving Learning Achievement of Grade IV Students of SD Negeri 005 Rokan IV Koto Using the Numbered Heads Together Type Cooperative Learning Model]. 1, 183–189.

Widyastuti, P. I., & Rahayu, T. S. (2021). Meta-Analisis Efektivitas Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Tipe TPS dan TSTS Terhadap Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Matematika SD [Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Use of TPS and TSTS Type Learning Models on the Ability to Solve Elementary Mathematics Problems. Mimbar Ilmu, 26(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.23887/mi.v26i1.33565

Wijaya, I. K. E. S., Kertayasa, I. K., & Narayanti, N. P. S. (2023). The Use of the Numbered Head Together Learning Model To Improve Student Learning Outcomes on the Subject of Adding and Subtracting Integers in Grade Iv Sd. JATMIKA : Journal Education and Learning of Elementary School, 1(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.36417/jels.v1i1.484

Wisniewski, B., Zierer, K., & Hattie, J. (2020). The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(January), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087

Zhou, T., & Colomer, J. (2024). Cooperative Learning Promoting Cultural Diversity and Individual Accountability: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060567