Risk Factors of Stunting Among Toddlers in the Working Area of Kandeman Community Health Center, Batang Regency

Wika Indriyani; Ardiana Priharwanti; Jaya Maulana; Choiroel Anwar

doi:10.59890/ijels.v4i2.273

Authors

Wika Indriyani Universitas Pekalongan
Ardiana Priharwanti Universitas Pekalongan
Jaya Maulana Universitas Pekalongan
Choiroel Anwar Universitas Pekalongan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v4i2.273

Keywords:

tunting, Toddlers, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, Immunization, Sanitation

Abstract

This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with stunting among toddlers in the working area of Kandeman Community Health Center, Batang Regency. Background data indicate that stunting remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with a national prevalence of 21%, showing a decline yet still not achieving the 2020–2024 RPJMN target of 14% or the WHO standard of below 20%. Among 38 provinces, only 15 are below the national rate. In Central Java, Batang Regency set a target of 15.5%, but SSGI data place it among the top ten highest, with January 2025 records showing the highest cases in Bawang Health Center (543 toddlers), followed by Kandeman (525 toddlers) and Reban (391 toddlers). This study employed an analytical observational approach with a case-control design to analyze the relationship between independent variables (exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, immunization status, and sanitation) and the dependent variable, which is stunting among toddlers in the Kandeman Health Center area. The sample was selected through systematic random sampling and determined using the Lemeshow formula, yielding 88 respondents (44 cases and 44 controls, 1:1 ratio). Data were analyzed using SPSS through univariate and bivariate analyses. The results showed that all four factors had a significant relationship with stunting, namely exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000; OR=12.000), quality and appropriateness of complementary feeding (p=0.006; OR=2.850), complete basic immunization status (p=0.000; OR=4.200), and environmental sanitation (p=0.000; OR=7.286).

References

Agushybana, F., Siramaneerat, I., Astutik, E., & Boonlab, S. (2025). Determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia: Insights from the 1997 and 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and implications for targeted interventions. Critical Public Health, 35(1), 2581952.

Agustiani, R., & Meliyana, E. (2024). Hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian stunting. J Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 6(4), 1669–1678. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP

Ahmad, S. N. A. J., Henukh, D. M. S., & Pay, F. S. (2022). Hubungan pemberian MP-ASI dan riwayat penyakit infeksi terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita di Puskesmas Sikumana Kota Kupang. CHMK Midwifery Scientific Journal, 5(2), 420–427.

Andika, F., Rahmi, N., & Anwar, C. (2021). Analisa faktor kejadian stunting pada balita usia 23-59 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Padang Tiji Kabupaten Pidie Tahun 2020. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 7(1), 162–172.

Anismuslim, M., Pramoedyo, H., Andarini, S., & Sudarto. (2023). The effect of sanitation risk on toddler stunting incident with geographically weighted regression approach in Malang Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Public Health and Development, 21(1), 77–90.

Apriastini, N. K. T., Adnyani, N. P. T., Selvyani, P. O., & Setiawan, K. H. (2024). Stunting: Faktor Risiko, Diagnosis, Tatalaksana, Dan Prognosis. Ganesha Medicine, 4(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.23887/gm.v4i1.77137

Babys, I. Y., Dewi, Y. L. R., & Rahardjo, S. S. (2022). Meta-analysis the effect of complementary feeding practice on stunting in children aged 6-59 months. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 7(4), 465–478.

Dewi, E. R., Ulfa, M., & Budiati, R. E. (2023). Analysis of factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding behavior with stunting incidence. Cendekia International Conference on Health & Technology (CICHT), 281–288.

Fadjriah, R. N., Rusdianto, R., Herman, H., & Vidyanto, V. (2021). Factors associated with the stunting in toddlers in the work area of Tikson Raya Public Health Center. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(E), 1207–1212. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6957

Fadmi, F. R., Otok, B. W., Kuntoro, Melaniani, S., & Sriningsih, R. (2024). Segmentation of stunting, wasting, and underweight in Southeast Sulawesi using geographically weighted multivariate Poisson regression. MethodsX, 12, 102736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102736

Kesuma, Z. M., Siregar, L. R., Fradinata, E., & Fathinah, A. (2022). Factors Affecting Stunting in Children under 5 Years of Age in Indonesia using Spatial Model. Indian Journal of Public Health, 66(3), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1989_21

Lanita, U., Nabila, P. C. A., Hidayati, F., Siregar, S. A., & Kasyani. (2023). The relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and clean water with stunting in toddlers. KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science, 3(3), 20–28.

Ludji, I. D. R. (2024). Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding to 0-6 month babies in stunting handling in the District of Kupang. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(2).

Modern, G., Sauli, E., & Mpolya, E. (2020). Correlates of diarrhea and stunting among under-five children in Ruvuma, Tanzania; a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Scientific African, 8, e00430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00430

Nasution, S. L. R., Wau, R. P. P., & Hanida, W. (2023). Determinants of maternal behavior in basic immunization of children aged 0–9 months at health center in Southern Nias District 2023. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(Special Issue), 6321.

Nurlatif, R. V., & Priharwanti, A. (2019). Stunting: Besaran Masalah dan Strategi Pencegahannya di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Kajen, 3(2), 1–14. https://www.suaramerdeka.com/smc

Pokhrel, S. (2024). No Title. ΕΛΕΝΗ. Αγαη, 15(1), 37–48.

Pradapaningrum, P. G., & Kusnoputranto, H. (2023). The relationship between basic sanitation of healthy homes and personal household hygiene with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in residential area around TPA Cipeucang in 2023. Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research, 7(5), 2415–2422.

Prasetyo, A. A., & Susanna, D. (2025). Hygiene and sanitation towards the incidence of stunting in children under five years old in Bidara Cina Village, East Jakarta in 2024. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(2), 129–142.

Punuh, M. I., Akili, R. H., & Tucunan, A. (2022). The relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding with stunting and wasting in toddlers in Bolaang regency of East Mongondow. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 9(1), 71–75.

Puteri, N. J., & Fitria, L. (2025). Access to sanitation and its impact on stunting in toddlers in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v14i1.15938

Rachmayanti, R. D., Kevaladandra, Z., Ibnu, F., & Khamidah, N. (2022). Systematic review: Protective factors from the risks of stunting in breastfeeding period. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 17(2), 53–62.

Sari, N. I., & Harianis, S. (2022). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. Maternal & Neonatal Health Journal, 3(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.37010/mnhj.v3i2.750

Supadmi, S., Laksono, A. D., Kusumawardani, H. D., Ashar, H., Nursafingi, A., Kusrini, I., & Musoddaq, M. A. (2024). Factor related to stunting of children under two years with working mothers in Indonesia. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 26, 101538.